Selenium Web Driver Command List
driver.get("http://www.google.com"); To open an application
driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id")); Finding Element using Id
driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")); Finding Element using Name
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id=’passwd-id’]")); Finding Element using Xpath
element.sendKeys("some text"); To type some data
element.clear(); clear thecontents of a text field or textarea
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select")); Selecting the value
select.findElements(By.tagName("option")); Selecting the value
select.deselectAll(); This will deselect all OPTIONs from the first SELECT on the page
select.selectByVisibleText("Edam"); select the OPTION withthe displayed text of “Edam”
findElement(By.id("submit")).click(); To click on Any button/Link
driver.switchTo().window("windowName"); Moving from one window to another window
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName"); swing from frame to frame (or into iframes)
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName.0.child"); to access subframes by separating the path with a dot, and you can specify the frame by itsindex too.
driver.switchTo().alert(); Handling Alerts
driver.navigate().to("http://www.example.com"); To Navigate Paeticular URL
driver.navigate().forward(); To Navigate Forward
driver.navigate().back(); To Navigate Backword
driver.close() Closes the current window
driver.quit() Quits the driver and closes every associated window.
driver.switch_to_alert() Switches focus to an alert on the page.
driver.refresh() Refreshes the current page.
driver.implicitly_wait(30) Amount of time to wait
driver.set_script_timeout(30) The amount of time to wait
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png') The full path you wish to save your screenshot to
driver.get_screenshot_as_base64() Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string which is useful in embedded images in HTML
Top 20 Useful Commands in Selenium Webdriver.
1. Creating New Instance Of Firefox Driver
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Above given syntax will create new instance of Firefox driver.
2. Command To Open URL In Browser
driver.get("http://only-testing-blog.blogspot.in/2013/11/new-test.html");
This syntax will open specified URL in web browser.
3. Clicking on any element or button of webpage
driver.findElement(By.id("submitButton")).click();
Above given syntax will click on targeted element in webdriver.
4. Store text of targeted element in variable
String dropdown = driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).getText();
This syntax will retrieve text from targeted element and will store it in variable = dropdown.
5. Typing text in text box or text area.
driver.findElement(By.name("fname")).sendKeys("My First Name");
Above syntax will type specified text in targeted element.
6. Applying Implicit wait in webdriver
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
This syntax will force webdriver to wait for 15 second if element not found on page.
7. Applying Explicit wait in webdriver with WebDriver canned conditions.
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='timeLeft']"), "Time left: 7 seconds"));
Above 2 syntax will wait for till 15 seconds for expected text "Time left: 7 seconds" to be appear on targeted element.
8. Get page title in selenium webdriver
driver.getTitle();
It will retrieve page title and you can store it in variable to use in next steps.
9. Get Current Page URL In Selenium WebDriver
driver.getCurrentUrl();
It will retrieve current page URL and you can use it to compare with your expected URL.
10. Get domain name using java script executor
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String CurrentURLUsingJS=(String)javascript.executeScript("return document.domain");
Above syntax will retrieve your software application's domain name using webdriver's java script executor interface and store it in to variable.
11. Generate alert using webdriver's java script executor interface
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
javascript.executeScript("alert('Test Case Execution Is started Now..');");
It will generate alert during your selenium webdriver test case execution.
12. Selecting or Deselecting value from drop down in selenium webdriver.
• Select By Visible Text
Select mydrpdwn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("Carlist")));
mydrpdwn.selectByVisibleText("Audi");
It will select value from drop down list using visible text value = "Audi".
• Select By Value
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.selectByValue("Italy");
It will select value by value = "Italy".
• Select By Index
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.selectByIndex(0);
It will select value by index= 0(First option).
Deselect by Visible Text
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByVisibleText("Russia");
It will deselect option by visible text = Russia from list box.
• Deselect by Value
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByValue("Mexico");
It will deselect option by value = Mexico from list box.
• Deselect by Index
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByIndex(5);
It will deselect option by Index = 5 from list box.
• Deselect All
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectAll();
It will remove all selections from list box.
isMultiple()
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
boolean value = listbox.isMultiple();
It will return true if select box is multiselect else it will return false.
13. Navigate to URL or Back or Forward in Selenium Webdriver
driver.navigate().to("http://only-testing-blog.blogspot.in/2014/01/textbox.html");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
1st command will navigate to specific URL, 2nd will navigate one step back and 3rd command will
14. Verify Element Present in Selenium WebDriver
Boolean iselementpresent = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@id='text2']")).size()!= 0;
It will return true if element is present on page, else it will return false in variable iselementpresent.
15. Capturing entire page screenshot in Selenium WebDriver
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:\\screenshot.jpg"));
It will capture page screenshot and store it in your D: drive.
16. Generating Mouse Hover Event In WebDriver
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement moveonmenu = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='menu1']/div"));
actions.moveToElement(moveonmenu);
actions.perform();
Above example will move mouse on targeted element.
17. Handling Multiple Windows In Selenium WebDriver.
1. Get All Window Handles.
Set<String> AllWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
2. Extract parent and child window handle from all window handles.
String window1 = (String) AllWindowHandles.toArray()[0];
String window2 = (String) AllWindowHandles.toArray()[1];
3. Use window handle to switch from one window to other window.
driver.switchTo().window(window2);
Above given steps with helps you to get window handle and then how to switch from one window to another window
18. Check Whether Element is Enabled Or Disabled In Selenium Web driver.
boolean fname = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='fname']")).isEnabled();
System.out.print(fname);
Above syntax will verify that element (text box) fname is enabled or not. You can use it for any input element.
19. Enable/Disable Textbox During Selenium Webdriver Test Case Execution.
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String todisable = "document.getElementsByName('fname')[0].setAttribute('disabled', '');";
javascript.executeScript(todisable);
String toenable = "document.getElementsByName('lname')[0].removeAttribute('disabled');";
javascript.executeScript(toenable);
It will disable fname element using setAttribute() method and enable lname element using removeAttribute() method.
20. Selenium WebDriver Assertions With TestNG Framework
• assertEquals
Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);
assertEquals assertion helps you to assert actual and expected equal values.
assertNotEquals
Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected);
assertNotEquals assertion is useful to assert not equal values.
• assertTrue
Assert.assertTrue(condition);
assertTrue assertion works for boolean value true assertion.
• assertFalse
Assert.assertFalse(condition);
driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id")); Finding Element using Id
driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")); Finding Element using Name
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id=’passwd-id’]")); Finding Element using Xpath
element.sendKeys("some text"); To type some data
element.clear(); clear thecontents of a text field or textarea
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select")); Selecting the value
select.findElements(By.tagName("option")); Selecting the value
select.deselectAll(); This will deselect all OPTIONs from the first SELECT on the page
select.selectByVisibleText("Edam"); select the OPTION withthe displayed text of “Edam”
findElement(By.id("submit")).click(); To click on Any button/Link
driver.switchTo().window("windowName"); Moving from one window to another window
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName"); swing from frame to frame (or into iframes)
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName.0.child"); to access subframes by separating the path with a dot, and you can specify the frame by itsindex too.
driver.switchTo().alert(); Handling Alerts
driver.navigate().to("http://www.example.com"); To Navigate Paeticular URL
driver.navigate().forward(); To Navigate Forward
driver.navigate().back(); To Navigate Backword
driver.close() Closes the current window
driver.quit() Quits the driver and closes every associated window.
driver.switch_to_alert() Switches focus to an alert on the page.
driver.refresh() Refreshes the current page.
driver.implicitly_wait(30) Amount of time to wait
driver.set_script_timeout(30) The amount of time to wait
driver.get_screenshot_as_file('/Screenshots/foo.png') The full path you wish to save your screenshot to
driver.get_screenshot_as_base64() Gets the screenshot of the current window as a base64 encoded string which is useful in embedded images in HTML
Top 20 Useful Commands in Selenium Webdriver.
1. Creating New Instance Of Firefox Driver
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Above given syntax will create new instance of Firefox driver.
2. Command To Open URL In Browser
driver.get("http://only-testing-blog.blogspot.in/2013/11/new-test.html");
This syntax will open specified URL in web browser.
3. Clicking on any element or button of webpage
driver.findElement(By.id("submitButton")).click();
Above given syntax will click on targeted element in webdriver.
4. Store text of targeted element in variable
String dropdown = driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")).getText();
This syntax will retrieve text from targeted element and will store it in variable = dropdown.
5. Typing text in text box or text area.
driver.findElement(By.name("fname")).sendKeys("My First Name");
Above syntax will type specified text in targeted element.
6. Applying Implicit wait in webdriver
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
This syntax will force webdriver to wait for 15 second if element not found on page.
7. Applying Explicit wait in webdriver with WebDriver canned conditions.
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath("//div[@id='timeLeft']"), "Time left: 7 seconds"));
Above 2 syntax will wait for till 15 seconds for expected text "Time left: 7 seconds" to be appear on targeted element.
8. Get page title in selenium webdriver
driver.getTitle();
It will retrieve page title and you can store it in variable to use in next steps.
9. Get Current Page URL In Selenium WebDriver
driver.getCurrentUrl();
It will retrieve current page URL and you can use it to compare with your expected URL.
10. Get domain name using java script executor
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String CurrentURLUsingJS=(String)javascript.executeScript("return document.domain");
Above syntax will retrieve your software application's domain name using webdriver's java script executor interface and store it in to variable.
11. Generate alert using webdriver's java script executor interface
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
javascript.executeScript("alert('Test Case Execution Is started Now..');");
It will generate alert during your selenium webdriver test case execution.
12. Selecting or Deselecting value from drop down in selenium webdriver.
• Select By Visible Text
Select mydrpdwn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("Carlist")));
mydrpdwn.selectByVisibleText("Audi");
It will select value from drop down list using visible text value = "Audi".
• Select By Value
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.selectByValue("Italy");
It will select value by value = "Italy".
• Select By Index
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.selectByIndex(0);
It will select value by index= 0(First option).
Deselect by Visible Text
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByVisibleText("Russia");
It will deselect option by visible text = Russia from list box.
• Deselect by Value
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByValue("Mexico");
It will deselect option by value = Mexico from list box.
• Deselect by Index
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectByIndex(5);
It will deselect option by Index = 5 from list box.
• Deselect All
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
listbox.deselectAll();
It will remove all selections from list box.
isMultiple()
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@name='FromLB']")));
boolean value = listbox.isMultiple();
It will return true if select box is multiselect else it will return false.
13. Navigate to URL or Back or Forward in Selenium Webdriver
driver.navigate().to("http://only-testing-blog.blogspot.in/2014/01/textbox.html");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
1st command will navigate to specific URL, 2nd will navigate one step back and 3rd command will
14. Verify Element Present in Selenium WebDriver
Boolean iselementpresent = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@id='text2']")).size()!= 0;
It will return true if element is present on page, else it will return false in variable iselementpresent.
15. Capturing entire page screenshot in Selenium WebDriver
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File("D:\\screenshot.jpg"));
It will capture page screenshot and store it in your D: drive.
16. Generating Mouse Hover Event In WebDriver
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement moveonmenu = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='menu1']/div"));
actions.moveToElement(moveonmenu);
actions.perform();
Above example will move mouse on targeted element.
17. Handling Multiple Windows In Selenium WebDriver.
1. Get All Window Handles.
Set<String> AllWindowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
2. Extract parent and child window handle from all window handles.
String window1 = (String) AllWindowHandles.toArray()[0];
String window2 = (String) AllWindowHandles.toArray()[1];
3. Use window handle to switch from one window to other window.
driver.switchTo().window(window2);
Above given steps with helps you to get window handle and then how to switch from one window to another window
18. Check Whether Element is Enabled Or Disabled In Selenium Web driver.
boolean fname = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='fname']")).isEnabled();
System.out.print(fname);
Above syntax will verify that element (text box) fname is enabled or not. You can use it for any input element.
19. Enable/Disable Textbox During Selenium Webdriver Test Case Execution.
JavascriptExecutor javascript = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
String todisable = "document.getElementsByName('fname')[0].setAttribute('disabled', '');";
javascript.executeScript(todisable);
String toenable = "document.getElementsByName('lname')[0].removeAttribute('disabled');";
javascript.executeScript(toenable);
It will disable fname element using setAttribute() method and enable lname element using removeAttribute() method.
20. Selenium WebDriver Assertions With TestNG Framework
• assertEquals
Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected);
assertEquals assertion helps you to assert actual and expected equal values.
assertNotEquals
Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected);
assertNotEquals assertion is useful to assert not equal values.
• assertTrue
Assert.assertTrue(condition);
assertTrue assertion works for boolean value true assertion.
• assertFalse
Assert.assertFalse(condition);
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